Agarose is a fractional extract from agar and is the basic agent responsible for the gelling power of agar. It importance in electrophoresis lies in the fact that it jellifies at temperatures between 32oC - 45oC and melts at temperatures between 80oC - 95o C and has remarkable sieving powers for biomolecules. it is neutral and can be easily modified to allow proteins such as enzymes, antigens or antibodies to be affixed. The absence of toxicity also is a benefit when compared to other separation media. An indispensable tool for nucleic acid separation in Genetic Engineering, Cell Culture and Microbiology. Analytical, Analytical Preparative PFGE, AND, Blotting, In-gel Cell -Tissue Separation, Separation Electrophoresis.
Easy preparation
Thermoreversible, gels formed by hydrogen bonds
Resiliant, even at low concentrations
Thermal stability
Low absorption of staining agents-low background
Pore size changes only by changing concentration
Gels can be dried for recordkeeping
Macroporous matrix - allows molecular diffusion
Biologically inert Can be stored for several years, if stored properly
Free of toxicity (non neurotoxic as acrylamide)
Can be autoclaved for sterile applications
Easily derivatizable
No free-radicals/additives needed for gelification
Electrophoresis: Agarose is suitable for the widest range of electrophoresis procedures as well as in immunoelectrophoresis and electrofocusing. Driven by electrostatic fields, the macromolecules migrate through the macroreticular structure.
Gel Chromatography, Affinity Chromatography and Ion Exchange Chromatography: In these applications, the movement of macromolecules is caused by the displacement of solvent along the gel formed in microspheres.
Solid Culture Media: Solid or semi-solid media are used to grow plant & cells and tissues.
Culture media prepared with agarose (instead of agar) can be used for strict autotrophic bacteria.
Growth of Protein Crystals: The agarose gel regulates the diffusion of the protein molecules, allowing the formation of crystals suitable for crystallographic study.
There are other scientific and technical applications that are continously appearing, like in cosmetics (additive, dermal filler, etc), for molds in a ceramic industry, etc.
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